Steel is an overarching term that describes various alloy materials. Carbon steel and stainless steel are some of the most common types of steel. In this blog, we will take a look at carbon steel, stainless steel and the differences between them. Stainless steel and carbon steel alloys have many features that are similar in nature. Read more to learn:
What is Carbon Steel?
Carbon steel is a type of steel that is mainly made up of iron and carbon. It has trace amounts of other elements. Carbon steel is one of the most widely used and versatile materials in various industries due to its strength, durability, and relatively low cost. The carbon content in carbon steel typically ranges from about 0.05% to 2.0%. However, some specialized varieties can have a higher carbon content.
The presence of carbon in the steel gives it specific properties and characteristics. As the carbon content increases, the steel becomes harder and stronger, but it may also become more brittle. Carbon steel can be classified into several categories based on its carbon content and other alloying elements, such as low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, and high-carbon steel.
Different manufacturing processes can be used to create carbon steel products, including rolling, forging, and casting. It is often used in the construction of buildings, bridges, pipelines, and various mechanical components. Carbon steel can be easily machined, welded, and formed, making it a popular choice for a wide range of applications.
What is Stainless Steel?
Stainless steel alloy is a type of alloy that is renowned for its resistance to corrosion and staining, as well as its exceptional strength and durability. It is composed primarily of iron, with varying amounts of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and other elements, which contribute to its unique properties. The key feature of stainless steel alloy is its ability to resist rust and corrosion, even when exposed to moisture and harsh environmental conditions.
This resistance is primarily due to the presence of chromium, which forms a thin, invisible layer of oxide on the surface of the steel. This oxide layer, known as a “passive layer,” acts as a protective barrier that prevents further oxidation and corrosion. Stainless steel is categorized into different grades and types based on its composition and properties. A Stainless steel sheet will have a passive layer that protects it from corrosion and rusting.
Differences between Carbon Steel & Stainless Steel
1. Composition
Carbon steel is mainly comprised of iron and carbon. The carbon steel also has trace amounts of other elements. On the other hand, stainless steel contains iron, chromium, and varying amounts of other elements like nickel, molybdenum, and manganese.
2. Corrosion Resistance
Carbon steel is susceptible to corrosion and rust when exposed to moisture and certain environments. On the other hand, stainless steel is highly corrosion-resistant due to the formation of a passive oxide layer on the surface, even in challenging conditions.
3. Strength and Hardness
The strength and hardness of carbon steel vary based on carbon content. It can also be hardened through heat treatment. Stainless steel generally has good strength with variations based on alloying elements and heat treatment.
4. Magnetic Properties
Carbon steel is magnetic unless alloyed with other elements. When it comes to Stainless steel, austenitic types, including S304 and SS316, are non-magnetic. Martensitic and ferritic types can be magnetic.
5. Formability and Weldability
Carbon steel is generally easy to form, weld, and machine. Stainless steel can be more challenging to form and weld due to its higher hardness or work-hardening tendencies.
6. Applications
Carbon steel is commonly used in construction, manufacturing, and structural components. Stainless steel is used in environments requiring corrosion resistance, such as kitchen utensils, medical instruments, architectural features, and industrial equipment.
7. Appearance
Carbon steel typically has a dull gray appearance. On the other hand, stainless steel has a lustrous, silvery appearance, making it aesthetically appealing.
8. Cost
Carbon steel generally is more cost-effective than stainless steel. Stainless steel is often more expensive due to its corrosion-resistant properties and alloying elements.
9. Maintenance
Carbon steel requires regular maintenance to prevent corrosion. On the other hand, stainless steel requires less maintenance due to its corrosion resistance.
10. Common Types
Carbon steel: Low-carbon, medium-carbon, and high carbon
Stainless Steel: Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardening.